Before and after Botox for forehead wrinkles Photo by Jessemichael225, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0&gt;, via Wikimedia Commons

Dear Readers, New Scientist is always a source of interesting dinner party snippets (or indeed, snippets to interject whenever someone starts droning on about something tedious), so here are a few highlights from this week.

First up, scientists have discovered that having Botox to paralyse your forehead muscles may actually affect the way that you process other people’s emotions. Mitchell Brin, who works at both the University of California and at AbbVie, which makes Botox, scanned the brains of 10 women before and after they had the cosmetic injections. While they were undergoing the scan they were shown photographs of happy, smiley people and angry people, and specific regions in their brains lit up. After the injection, the brain activity was altered. Bear with me here. Normally, when we see the expression on someone’s face we unconsciously mimic it, and this sends signals to our amygdala (in the case of happy faces) and a region of the brain called the fusiform gyrus if the face that we’re mimicking is angry. It’s the action of the facial muscles that helps us to interpret the emotions of the other people. A fellow scientist, Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos, explains that if we can no longer perform these micro-expressions, “you might not be able to experience someone else’s emotions as intensely or as vividly as you would like to”.

Well. This does accord with other studies that have suggested that Botox injections can make it harder to recognise and process emotions, and fortunately I am unBotoxed as my eyebrows are raised so high that they are practically on the top of my head. I do note that the sample size is extremely small, and also I wonder if the women were asked for their perceptions. Still, I found it extremely interesting, and it’s yet another indication of what complicated little creatures we are, with feedback loops from the physical to the emotional that I would never have thought of. You can read the whole article here.

Incidentally, the front page article in New Scientist this week suggests that wrinkles make you old, rather than getting old giving you wrinkles, but it’s made my head explode so I shall return to it when I can separate out the ‘which came first, the chicken or the egg’ aspects of the whole thing. If you want a pre-emptive look, the article is here.

3 D Printed Cheesecake (Photo by Jonathan Blutinger/Columbia University)

And what, you may ask, is this thing in the photo, which looks a bit like a stack of edible shoe insoles? It is, in fact, a cheesecake made by a 3D printer. Well, it makes a change from people using 3D printers to create little lethal plastic guns. Graham crackers (yes, this is an American cheesecake), peanut butter and strawberry jam were blended into seven different pastes, and then extruded from the printer in seven layers, before the whole lot was given a light browning with a laser beam. It’s cheesecake, Jim, but not as we know it. I am left curious about what it tasted like, and also what on earth the pink stuff on the top is. These wacky scientists have surely done enough damage with their molecular gastronomy without venturing on the territory of the world’s most calorific dessert, but I can just imagine how much fun they had, so I’m letting them off. The whole article is here.

Dormice are luminescent! Who knew? Photo by Karmel Ritson and Grete Nummert

And finally, it appears that dormice are photoluminescent, but no one knows why. Many invertebrates, marine animals and some birds contain pigments which absorb ultraviolet light and then emit it at a different wavelength so that it’s visible to the naked eye. A small number of nocturnal mammals do it too, including flying squirrels and springhares (an extremely neat South African jumping rodent).

Springhare (Pedetes capensis) Photo By Bernard DUPONT from FRANCE – Spring Hare (Pedetes capensis), CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=40782729

Grete Nummert, who works at Tallinn Zoo, heard about the springhares and the flying squirrels and decided to have a quick look at the dormice – she bet a colleague that they would ‘glow’ under ultraviolet light, the prize being a cake. Presumably not a 3D printed cheesecake. Anyhow, the photos prove her right – dormice do show photoluminescence, glowing blue under normal uv light, and red if a  yellow filter is applied. In the springhare, the theory is that the luminescence helps to camouflage the animal as some of the plants that it lives amongst also glow, and some animals seem to use their ‘glow-up’ to make themselves more attractive, but in these little rodents we just don’t know.

Nummert says that the cake was ‘delicious’.

You can read the whole article here.

Peregrine falcon passing food to a fledgling (Royal Courts of Justice, 2021)

Dear Readers, I have been asked several times over the past few weeks if I feel as if things are ‘falling apart’, in the context of work, or the UK, or the world in general. There is a certain dramatic appeal about the notion that we are all going to hell in a handbasket, and there is much to support the idea – climate change is running rampant, poverty is rife, the NHS is pushed to its absolute limit and clouds are gathering in many corners of the world. Was W.B Yeats right? His poem is so often misquoted (not least by my husband ahem) and so I include it here in its entirety. Am I the only person who cannot read it without a frisson of fear, or anxiety?

The Second Coming

BY WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS

Turning and turning in the widening gyre
The falcon cannot hear the falconer;
Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;
Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,
The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere
The ceremony of innocence is drowned;
The best lack all conviction, while the worst
Are full of passionate intensity.

Surely some revelation is at hand;
Surely the Second Coming is at hand.
The Second Coming! Hardly are those words out
When a vast image out of Spiritus Mundi
Troubles my sight: somewhere in sands of the desert
A shape with lion body and the head of a man,
A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun,
Is moving its slow thighs, while all about it
Reel shadows of the indignant desert birds.
The darkness drops again; but now I know
That twenty centuries of stony sleep
Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle,
And what rough beast, its hour come round at last,
Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?

And of course, he was right. The poem was written in 1919, and while it clearly has shadows of what was to come in the Second World War, and also of the specific situation in Ireland, it was composed while Yeats’s pregnant wife was convalescing from the Spanish Flu, in the midst of a time of great fear and anguish. I must say that for me, I sense the shadow of the pandemic in the poem, and even of bird flu and its possible mutations, but maybe ‘The Second Coming’ is a work for all ages. It plays into our anxieties and fears, and so much can be read into that ‘gaze as blank and pitiless as the sun’.

We seem to be transfixed with the idea of the apocalypse – there are so many books and tv series about the end of the world as we know it, of varying quality. We like to play with the idea of annihilation, without engaging with it. Sometimes it all just feels too much, I know. But then, the plants in the meadow that we’ve planted in the playing fields next to Coldfall Wood are germinating and today I noticed that there are meadows springing up everywhere for the Coronation. These will feature native plants, and in some areas they are specifically including local plants, which will make for a varied and interesting set of habitats. Let’s hope that they’re well managed after the coronation is over, and for years to come. As we’ve lost 97% of our meadows in the UK it will be good to see them making a comeback. I think it says something that the best image of a meadow that I currently have is of the one below, taken in Austria. Let’s hope that we get our act together here in the UK too.

An Austrian Alpine meadow, soon to be (hopefully) found all over the UK

So, let’s not be blinded and paralysed by the enormity of the things that are happening. There are good things happening, as always, on a local, national and international scale. I for one can’t wait to see what our little local meadow will produce, and which creatures will come as a result of it. Watch this space!

So, Dear Readers, today saw me boarding the X12 bus in Dorchester to go to Milborne St Andrew and to visit St Andrew’s Church, where Mum and Dad’s ashes were buried. It’s usually so peaceful there, but today there was the sound of many lambs. Mum would have loved it.

Whenever I visit I remove the plants which are clearly dead, shift the ones that are still alive around, and pop in the new ones that I’ve bought. Then I try to cut back the plants that are growing over the memorial stone, but this time I forgot my garden scissors, so it isn’t as neat as I’d like. This time, I bought some pinks, some violas, some aubretia and a lupin, and kept the hellebores and the achillea from my last visit, even though they were looking a bit tired. The stone itself is looking very discoloured, but I’m not sure what to do – I don’t want to use bleach or anything else that will interfere with the plants and soil-life. Maybe a scrubbing brush and some soap will do the trick, what do you think?

I love the way that the primroses and lesser celandine have naturalised all over the churchyard. It’s magical. I always plonk down under the cherry tree next to the grave and just wait for the tears to come, and then for the peace to wash over me, which it always does. I feel as if a weight has been lifted from my chest.

And look how the wind is shaking the yew trees, and how the birds are singing above the sound of the breeze.

And then I head off for a cup of coffee (and some cake) with my friend E, who will be 90 this year, and who always tells me all the village gossip. It seems that the new curate is settling in, and E herself has mostly recovered from a fall that she had in her precipitous garden, which would daunt a mountain goat. But on the way, I notice something.

That looks rather like a nest, don’t you think? I pause to see what will happen.

Here is a jackdaw with a twig in his or her mouth.

S/he notices me and flies up onto the roof. That’s a very fine twig!

I decide to back off and see what s/he does…and what it seems to involve is sticking some twigs in, and then taking another one away.

Making a nest is clearly not a straightforward matter – all the twigs look the same to me, but I suspect that the bird inside the building is rather more particular than the one outside about what makes a good place to lay eggs and rear youngsters. How nice it is to see that the jackdaws have found somewhere to nest, even though so many buildings are no longer suitable, and so many chimneys are blocked up.

And then it’s back on the bus, and back to Dorchester, and tomorrow it’s back to London. But how I love these short visits to Milborne St Andrew. The time I spend with Mum and Dad seems to recharge my batteries faster than anything else that I do. It’s as if there’s a thinning of the veil between worlds here, and as if the love that we felt for one another is able to radiate through like a kind of heat, maybe especially today because Dad died on 31st March 2020, at the start of the pandemic. They say that love never dies, and maybe it doesn’t.

Mum at the Royal Oak pub in Milborne St Andrew in 2012

Dad as ‘Captain Tom’, steering a boat from Weymouth to Portland in 2019

Dear Readers, why, you might ask, is the blog featuring a rather unassuming-looking sandwich bar today? Well, I am in Dorchester, and it’s always hard – Dorset has so many memories of when Mum and Dad were alive. When I travel through Moreton station, I can almost see the pair of them standing on the platform waiting for my train to arrive, Dad would be in his zip-up jacket, Mum in some combination of bright fuchsia and turquoise and both of  them would be wearing  those photochromatic spectacles that go dark at the first sign of sunshine. They always reminded me of a pair of mature and successful bank robbers taking a break from Marbella. And now, no one waits for me at the station, and yet I always find myself looking for them, or for some trace of them.

So, by the time I get to the next station along, Dorchester South, I am often a little downhearted. And then there’s the walk past the care home where Mum and Dad spent their last months. I always pause to look up at the window on the third floor which was Dad’s room, as if I expect him to be watching for me, or at least for my bright red coat. Towards the end, I think he recognised the coat more than he did me, but I take comfort that he always knew that I was someone who was special to him for some reason, and someone who cared about him.

Today, I jumped on the train before I had a chance to buy any lunch, and all this remembering had made me hungry, so I stopped at the Pic-Nick sandwich bar. It’s tiny, really just a counter and a space to wait, but the man working there made me a massive ham and mustard roll (for some reason my vegetarianism goes right out of the window here). And then, he asked me if I wanted any salad.

“No thank you”, I said. I always feel as if I need all the carbohydrates and fat that I can get.

And he hesitated, and then he said “Oh, go on, have some iceberg lettuce at least, it’s good for you, and we all need the vitamins. It’s not any extra”.

And I thought, you know what, I do need the vitamins. I never thought of myself as being a disordered eater, but just lately I do wonder. It’s as if I can make the effort to make healthy meals for other people, but when it’s just me I don’t bother.

He was waiting for me to make a decision.

“Yes, please”, I said, and he looked so delighted that I felt as I’d done him a favour, instead of the other way round.

Why should a complete stranger care about someone else’s health? And care enough to risk a rebuff? What a lovely man. And it was the most delicious roll that I’ve had in a long time (and a lot cheaper than the equivalent would have been in London).

And so, if you are ever in Dorchester and looking for a sandwich, I can recommend the Pic-Nick on Allington Street, just round the corner from the Tutankhamun exhibition and the art shop. And if I was you I would definitely include some salad, because we all need some more vitamins.

Dear Readers, earlier this week I was sharing the story of my CT scan, for which I am still awaiting my results. However, on Sunday I took a trip to Barnet Hospital to their Ear, Nose and Throat department, so that the consultant could have a look at my vocal cords – one of the symptoms of my cough has been hoarseness/a change in my voice, so the doctor wanted to make sure that all is well in that department.

Well, I don’t know what I was expecting to happen, and just as well because I would have worried myself silly about it, but I didn’t expect to get a camera poked up my nose.

However, although I was initially a little perturbed (who wouldn’t be, at the sight of someone fixing a tiny camera to a massively long, thin rubber tube), I am here to report that it was actually completely fine – a bit strange, but not painful, and actually easier than your average nasal lateral flow test. The camera has a little light attached, and the consultant looked at the images on the screen and took some photos. When he asked me if I wanted to see them I positively elbowed him out of the way in my excitement, because who wouldn’t want to see their vocal cords? And they are apparently completely normal, which means that that’s one less thing to be concerned about.

The vocal cords are actually very complicated organs, comprising five different layers of tissue. The whole thing is susceptible to influence from hormones, particularly testosterone: this chemical changes the size and musculature of the vocal cords, which is why the pitch of a male’s voice changes when he reaches puberty. In addition, genetic factors will determine whether we’re a soprano or a basso profondo, though vocal training can extend our range. Sadly, we don’t have a syrinx, a very special organ that birds have, so our chances of twittering or hooting or warbling are rather limited.

So here we are. What a week it’s been! I’ve been irradiated, punctured (twice) and now invaded. But how grateful I am for all the care that I’ve experienced this week. And it’s reminded me of how much I love London –  I have been tended by such varied people, all of whom have made London their home, and we are all all the richer for it. I will keep you posted on my results, but tomorrow I am heading to Dorset, for a much wished-for rest, and a chance to visit Mum and Dad’s grave. I always find it so peaceful there, and so restorative. I know how interested Mum would have been in all these medical procedures – she was a real NHS warrior, and there weren’t many things that she hadn’t endured – and yet she was always so curious about what was happening. I wish I could sit down and discuss them with her, over a cup of tea and piece of cake like we used to.

Alpine Swift (Tachymarptis melba) PhotoB y Lefteris Stavrakas – Βουνοσταχτάρα , CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=66012392

Dear Readers, here in the UK we don’t expect the screech of swifts until mid May at the earliest, but this year we have been visited by record numbers of alpine swifts  (Tachymarptis melba). Normally, these birds fly north from southern Africa and then nest in mountainous regions from the Alps to the Himalayas (hence the name), but this year hundreds have been blown further north. One was spotted at Walthamstow Wetlands this weekend but they’ve been popping up as far north as northern Scotland. They are most distinctive with their white tummies, though I suppose at a glance you could mistake them for a large house martin. However, they really are a lot bigger than your average house martin, and the wings are generally held in a boomerang shape, the better for scything through the air.

Like all swifts, these birds spend most of their lives on the wing, landing only to nest – one radio-tagged alpine swift was found to stay on the wing for 200 days straight. For preference, they will use the same nest that they used last year, much as ‘our’ swifts do – it saves a lot of energy not to have to recreate a mud nest every year. Plus, they use plenty of energy on their migration, as you can see from the map below – the birds breed in the green bits, and often rest for a bit in the blue bits. This year they’ve clearly literally gone the extra mile. Yet another reason not to ‘tidy away’ any swift nests that you have under your eaves (not that any reader of Bugwoman would think of such a thing, I’m sure!)

Swifts seem so full of joie de vivre to me – they ‘talk’ to one another constantly, chase one another, circle high after the insects that they eat and then shoot across your deckchair when you’re having a snooze, almost brushing you with their wings. There is some thought that maybe, with climate change, the southern region of the bird’s range is becoming too hot, and that they might breed further north. Everything is clearly on the move, and I wait with some interest to see what will happen next. And in the meantime, here are some alpine swifts calling as they fly – it’s a slightly different call from the common swift who will arrive later in the year. Here’s the alpine swift (recording by Stanislas Wroza)

And here’s ‘our’ swift, recording by Michel Veldt.

Doesn’t it feel as if summer is coming? So, keep watching the skies. Even if you don’t spot an alpine swift, the swallows and martins will be along soon.

And this is a very interesting article on the appearance of the alpine swifts, for those of you who want a bit more detail.

Alpine swifts illustration from the Crossley ID guide

A Siemens CT Scanner

Dear Readers, as you might remember I have had a persistent cough since November last year, and a week ago I was finally persuaded to go to the doctor. Being the responsible person that she is, she has sent me for a battery of blood tests and other procedures just to check that my lungs and throat are ok (I’ve been having trouble with my voice as well). Well, on Friday I went for my first ever CT scan, so I thought I’d share the experience with you in case you have to have one at any point. Plus, since I’m doing a science degree I was fascinated with what was going on, which I find is a great help with all this medical stuff – knowledge helps to alleviate at least some of the anxiety, for me at least.

So, first up, what exactly is a CT scan? The CT stands for computed tomography (it used to be computed axial tomography, hence CAT scan, which I like better). It is basically an X-ray, but the X-ray tube rotates to give ‘slices’ of the body, which can then be put together by computer to form a 3-D picture of what’s going on inside the body. You can see some examples of the sorts of images produced here. It takes a skilled technician to identify areas of concern.

A CT scan is similar to an MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan, but a CT scan can be used if you have a pacemaker or metallic implant. The CT scan is used to detect a variety of abnormalities, from cancer to emphysema and fibrosis, conditions which can’t be picked up on a normal X-ray.

One downside to CT scans is, of course, that you’re subjected to radiation, and rather more than you would be for a normal chest X-ray. However, as you get older the risk gets less (radiation-induced tumours often take many decades to develop). As this is the first one that I’ve ever had, and as it would be kind of good to know if I do have anything serious, I decided that it was worth the tiny risk.

Now, because my doctor has put me on the two-week referral list (just in case) my appointments have come through in advance of any details of what was going to happen, so let me just run through how it was for me, in case anyone hasn’t had a CT scan. First up, don’t wear any necklaces or underwired bras as you’ll need to take them off prior to the scan, though you can keep all your clothes on (no embarrassing open-backed hospital gowns). Secondly, be aware that you might need to be injected with an iodine-based dye to help with the resolution of the images  – I was told that when the dye was injected, I would feel hot and might feel as if I wanted to pee. This was all very exciting.

I was asked to lay on the bed with my feet towards what I think of as ‘the magic arch’ in the photo above. Then my first-ever cannula was stuck into a vein on my right wrist, and as I’m 63 years old I count myself extremely lucky that I haven’t had to have one before. However, it was no more painful than a usual blood extraction. Then I was asked to put my hands above my head, and everyone went off and left me.

For the CT scan itself,  the bed moves under the ‘magic arch’ where the X-ray machine is, and a kindly female voice from the machine tells you to breathe in and hold, and then breath normally. I thought I could also hear my heart beating, so presumably that’s being monitored from somewhere or other. Then, the voice of the technician came through, telling me he was going to inject the dye via the cannula. He was absolutely right! For a moment there was nothing, but then there was a feeling of intense heat in my abdomen and, yes, an urge to pee (which I didn’t indulge). It only lasted a second, then there were one or two more rounds of breathing in and holding and breathing normally as requested, and then it was all done, and I was gathering up my belongings and heading home on the 263 bus.

So, I should get the results in about ten days time, just before Easter. I am honestly not expecting anything bad to come out of this – I’m 90% sure this is just some kind of post-viral nonsense, but I am very glad that my doctor is checking it out, if only because some of the people who care about me are very anxious. And if you are called for a CT scan, be aware that it’s nothing to worry about. Just leave your bra off 🙂 and leave the tiara and medallions at home.

Dear Readers, does anything dance quite like a weeping willow? There weren’t many people at Walthamstow Wetlands today, what with the threat of rain and the windy weather, but the path between reservoirs 2 and 4 was open (it’s often close to protect nesting birds), and the willows were covered in catkins.

I love the way that the stems blow in the wind. The trees remind me a bit of great green mammoths.

Weeping willows love water, and so often they’re planted in the wrong place – they can take over a damp garden, sucking up the groundwater and causing all sorts of urban problems. But here, they are in their element, and  these are majestic specimens, each one with its own character.

I was walking with a friend who is laden with many troubles, but these trees stopped both of us in our tracks. For a few moments, both of us were speechless (which is unusual for us, believe me). This is what the natural world can do – it somehow reaches through our cares and worries, and shows us something else, something that is timeless and that shows us that life carries on even when our own worlds are falling apart.

Further along the path, we see an island where the cormorants are nesting. Again, this part of the reserve is cut off for much of the year.

Look at those enormous nests! Interestingly, until 1981, cormorants were almost exclusively coastal breeders. Then, a small population were found nesting in the trees at a site in Essex, and since then they’ve expanded their range across many sites in southern England. Coastal populations tend to have all their chicks at the same time, presumably to overwhelm predators so that at least some survive. At sites such as Walthamstow Wetlands, however, the breeding season is much more spread out, as predation is less of a risk (probably one reason for choosing an island site, where there’s less danger from foxes and cats) but availability of food might be more of a problem, so it makes sense for the nestlings to be at different stages of development.

Judging by the size of the nests, I’d say that they’re built up over a period of years. In very dense nesting sites, the volume of droppings can be a problem – eventually, the chemicals in the guano can kill the nesting trees. Maybe some enterprising person could harvest it for fertiliser once the nesting season is over.

Anyhow, at this point it started to rain in earnest, and so we retraced our steps and headed home, slightly damp but definitely refreshed. I can’t wait to visit again!