
Florida carpenter ant (Camponotus floridianus) Photo By Bob Peterson from North Palm Beach, Florida, , CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=21785629
Dear Readers, ever since I fractured my tibia ten days ago, I’ve been wishing that there was a way to detach my leg, sort it out and then screw it back on once the problem was sorted. However, as this is impractical I’ve been turning my attention to the first aid procedures of other creatures, and in particular ants. Ants are amongst the few creatures that tend the injuries of their nestmates: the Matabele ant, for example, produces an antibacterial substance from a special gland. This species lives by raiding termite nests, a dangerous expedition as the termites fight back hard, and the ants are often injured – up to 22 percent of the ants on each raid end up with at least one limb missing. Damaged ants are carried back to the nest and treated by special ‘nurse’ ants, who lick the wounds clean and who often apply a special antibiotic from the gland on their back. 95% of the ants so treated survive, compared to only 5% of ants that are callously separated from their ‘nurses’ by the scientists studying them. Can the antsĀ tell that some wounds are infected, and some not?The jury is still out, but it appears that infection causes a change to the hydrocarbons in the exoskeleton of the ant, which might signal to the nurse ants. If this was to be the case, the ants would be the only animals other than humans who can specifically treat infected wounds.

Matabele ant (Megaponera major) running off with a termite (Photo by By ETF89 – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=52639002)
And then there’s the Florida Carpenter ant (pictured above). Scientist Dany Buffat was studying a captive colony of the species when she noticed an ant chewing off a nestmate’s injured leg. The injured ant put up no resistance, and on further observation it appeared that amputations were not unusual, but that they only occurred when the injury was to the ant’s upper leg. The mortality rate of amputees was 90 percent higher than that of ants with a similar injury but no amputation. In ants with a lower leg injury, there seemed to be no difference whether the leg was amputated or not, and in fact ants did not amputate a leg with an injury in this part of the leg.
The reason seems to be to do with the ants physiology – the muscles that pump blood (and infections) around the body of the ant are found in the upper leg, so amputating the leg prevents the infection from spreading. However, an injury in the lower leg doesn’t involve these muscles, and so amputating the leg at this point doesn’t stop the spread.
It appears that the ants are able to determine the best course of action depending on the location of the wound, just as the Matabele ants appear to be able to determine whether or not a wound is infected.
To me, this is mind-blowing stuff, and just makes me wonder what else we will find out about these extraordinary animals. And in a fractured leg update, I can announce that I made it both up and down stairs yesterday, so I could sleep in my own bed. It’s lovely to feel a gradual return to normality. Onwards and upwards!























