Category Archives: London Mammals

Distressing News From the Cemetery

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‘My’ mangy fox, with the healthy fox in the background

Dear Readers, the plot has thickened regarding the foxes in St Pancras and Islington cemetery this week. On Monday, B informed me that she had seen three foxes, two with mange and one without.

‘Blimey’, I said, ‘I’m going to have to buy more jam’. As you know, I’ve been trying to medicate the fox in the photo above with a homeopathic remedy from the National Fox Welfare Society, which I’ve snuck into some jam sandwiches. ‘My’ fox seems to be on the road to recovery, much to my amazement – I’d been very skeptical when I’d started the process. I fairly skipped back to my house, passing en route a lovely patch of fritillaries, which may well crop up in a Wednesday Weed at some point in the future.

IMG_6001The next day, bearing an additional sandwich, I walk down to where B feeds the foxes. I’m a little late and I don’t see B, so I creep down to the feeding spot, behind the grave with the full-sized stone Labrador on it. This unlikely memorial celebrates a man who died rescuing a dog from drowning, and is always adorned with artificial flowers.

A very skinny, mangy fox watches me briefly from the other side of the hedges, and then crosses the path at a trot. I sit down with my camera. This is not ‘my’ fox, but I remember what B mentioned about one healthy fox, and two mangy ones. I see the fox again among the gravestones, just his ears and one bright eye. Then he’s on the move again, looping round behind the bins where the cats live. I sit a little longer. And then he’s back in the hedges, eyeing up the jam sandwiches with obvious longing.

I spot B making her slow progress towards where she feeds the cats. She raises her stick in greeting. I stand up and walk over, leaving the fox to his snack.

‘I’ve got something to tell you,’ says B. I have always liked the way that she looks at me directly, honestly.

‘Ok’, I say.

‘The Dog Unit man said he found a dead fox further up the road’, she says, and pauses. ‘A fox with mange’, she adds.

I have to look away for a moment.

‘What happened?’ I ask.

‘Martin thinks he was run down’, she says. ‘The cemetery people will take the body away’.

‘Where was it?’

B waves her hand vaguely. ‘He just said further up’, she says.

And so it may be that ‘my’ fox is dead. My mind is racing. I wonder if the body is still there, so that I can know for sure which fox has been killed. But then, I know that it’s hopeless. I’m sure that the evidence is already tidied away. Even if I saw the body, would I know?

And how am I going to cope with the unknowing?

'My' mangy fox

‘My’ mangy fox

I am reminded of people whose beloved cats and dogs just disappear, and they never know what happened to them. But a fox is dead. The question is, what am I going to do now?

B can tell that I’m upset, but she carries on fussing over her cats, bending over, pouring the food into their bowls.

‘The thing is’, she says, ‘that we do what we can do. And that’s all we can do. They’re wild animals, after all. They come and go, and live their lives, and one day they’re gone. ‘

She straightens up.

‘A bit like people’, she says.

Her husband and father are both buried in the cemetery, and B visits them every day.

‘Did you see that skinny little fox over there?’ she said. ‘He’s got the mange really bad’.

And of course, my decision is made for me. ‘My’ fox, the one that drew me here, is most likely dead, but there are other foxes here that need help. Am I just going to give up now because all my hopes were pinned on one animal?

There’s a rustle in the brambles and the skinny fox heads off at a brisk trot. His whole tail and hindquarters are bald. He looks back briefly and accelerates his pace, until he is bounding off.

‘I’m down at Mum and Dads next week’, I say to B. ‘Could I leave the medicine with you for a few days?’

‘Of course’, says B. ‘And I’ll see you at the weekend’.

‘Yes,’ I say. ‘Yes, you will’.

The healthy fox.

The healthy fox.

For the fox story so far, have a look at the posts below:

Jam Sandwiches in the Rain

News From the Cemetery

Fox Update

Fox Update

IMG_5919Dear Readers, last time I wrote about my adventures with foxes in St Pancras and Islington cemetery, I had just discovered that B, a lovely lady who feeds the feral cats in the cemetery, also regularly fed the foxes. This was great news, because it meant that I knew exactly where to find them, and where to drop my jam sandwiches with their homeopathic mange remedy. And indeed, between three and four thirty p.m. on any afternoon, you can spot the two foxes waiting for their high tea.

IMG_5793The fox at the front is the one that I’m trying to treat. What intrigues me is that the two foxes play and nuzzle one another, and are not particularly competitive – could they be mates, or siblings? B leaves a variety of foodstuffs that the foxes probably shouldn’t have (doughnuts not being part of a natural diet) but while I was away for a family funeral last week she liberally doused them in mange medicine for me, so I’m not about to complain. Plus, she also leaves them dog food and dog biscuits, so it isn’t dessert all the way.

IMG_5794It is clear that the fox with mange still has mange, but, without wanting to be too optimistic, I do think it’s a bit better, and the picture above was taken almost ten days ago, before I found exactly where to leave the medicated food. The Dog Unit man told me yesterday that he thought that there had been an improvement in the fox’s condition, and he isn’t a sentimental chap so I hope he’s right.

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The fox when I first saw him/her

The fox now

The fox now

Is it my imagination, or does the fox’s back end seem a bit furrier, as if some of the fur is growing back? The animal certainly seems a bit brighter. Only time will tell, but I have everything crossed.

It’s fair to say that the fox who doesn’t have mange has grown fairly used to me. He or she often shadows me as I walk around the cemetery, in the hope that I’ve got yet more sandwiches, I suspect. The fox always keeps the same distance between us, but if I stop, he or she will often just sit and wait to see what I’m up to.

IMG_5921IMG_5899 IMG_5893It’s like having a little shadow. I wonder how often we are watched by animals and walk past, oblivious.

In other news, I promised you a picture of the pink hybrid bluebells in Coldfall Wood, and here they are, with some blue ones for comparison.

IMG_5927And the queen buff-tailed bumblebees have been out in force this week, especially in an area of the cemetery which has huge cherry laurels, the size of small trees. This place is sheltered, and the smell of the flowers, like dusty honey, is heavy in the air.

IMG_5806Finally, a most mysterious ‘artwork’ has appeared in Coldfall Wood. Is this to celebrate a birthday, I wonder? It’s rather elegant, I think, though how long it will survive the elements is an open question.

IMG_5932All photos copyright Vivienne Palmer

 

 

 

 

News from the Cemetery

IMG_5777Dear Readers, after a week in Dorset with my parents (about which more next week) I was eager to get out into the cemetery to see what was going on (for the back story to this post, have a look here and here). My lovely friend A had taken over my jam sandwich duties while I was away, but had only seen the tail end of a fox disappearing into the brambles. So, on Good Friday, I dropped off my jam sandwich at the usual spot and was heading off when I saw the fox above, who ran between the graves and attempted to hide himself behind this rubbish bin. I rather think that it might be ‘my’ mangy fox.

'My' fox?

‘My’ fox?

The fox with mange

The fox with mange

Who knows. If it is ‘my’ fox, he looks a little better, but I couldn’t see the relevant side of the animal to judge how the mange was doing.

We walked on a little further. What a beautiful evening it was, and, according to the weather forecast, the last decent day of the four-day bank holiday. The shadows are so long at this time of year, the birdsong so loud that I felt as if I was walking in a dream. And then, we turned a corner.

IMG_5778A miniature panther was patrolling the cemetery, and he was not alone.

IMG_5751There is a small colony of feral cats who live in the cemetery, and who are cared for by a fine London lady. I shall call her B. She has long white hair and blue eyes the colour of forget-me-nots. Every day, she visits her husband’s grave, and then comes on to leave food for the four identical (to me, at the moment) jet black moggies. She told me that one of them, Boris, is an unneutered tom that no one has managed to catch, and that he is always getting into fights. I shall be keeping my eyes open for Boris.

Of course, the food doesn’t only attract the cats.

Who is this sneaking away in the background?

Who is this sneaking away in the background?

B knows my little mangy fox, and says that he often waits patiently until she moves away, and the cats have had their fill – they are more than a match for any fox who tries to push in. And so, now I have a new place where I can leave a jam sandwich, in the knowledge that it has some chance, at least, of reaching the intended diner.

Which is just as well, because as we walked back past the place where I’d left the medicated food, I noticed someone enjoying it who was not the intended recipient.

IMG_5781And as I watched, the last piece was carried off to be enjoyed in peace.

IMG_5782It seems no one can resist a jam sandwich.

Copper

IMG_5674Dear Readers, every day for the past fortnight I’ve been visiting St Pancras and Islington Cemetery in an act of faith. I’ve been carrying a jam sandwich laced with a homeopathic  remedy, in an attempt to try to help a poor mange-ridden fox that I spotted a few weeks ago. And it appears that someone, at least, has been enjoying the unexpected sweet treat, because when I arrived on Tuesday I heard a scuffle, and saw a fox run, turn, and sit. I crouched down and managed to get a few photos, but it was clear, sadly, that this was not ‘my’ fox.

Tuesday's fox

Tuesday’s fox

The fox with mange

The fox with mange

I hadn’t realised how individual the faces of foxes were, but one look at the two animals above and it’s clear that they are as different as those of two humans.

I showed the fox my plastic bag full of jam sandwich, and walked very slowly to the mossy, primrose-covered mound where I always put the food down. The new fox melted away into the undergrowth, but by the time I got back to the road and turned, s/he was already back.   The low sun lit up the animal’s fur, turning it into copper and frost. For a few seconds, we were both transfixed. Then the fox gathered up the whole sandwich (which was cut into twelve pieces) and disappeared.

IMG_5681So, it seems that it is at least a fox that is taking the food (rather than crows, magpies and woodpigeons) but  I have no way of knowing if ‘my’ fox ever manages to get it. I have a fantasy that ‘my’ fox is a vixen who is being fed by this fox, but it’s very unlikely. I’ve been reading up about mange, and it appears that often it’s the less dominant animals, who are already more stressed, who are most affected by the disease. I’m hoping that if I go to the cemetery regularly I may learn more about the habits of the individual animals, and maybe I’ll be able to target my ‘offerings’ more effectively. Plus, I have allies!

As I was walking back through the cemetery, the Dog Patrol vehicle drew up alongside me.

‘Madam’, said the driver, ‘I have two questions. Firstly, may I ask what you’re taking photos of?’

‘Oh, the birds and plants and the occasional fox’, I said. ‘I know you’re not allowed to take photos of the graves’.

This is a bye-law, and I think it makes sense for more recent graves – no one wants their personal sorrow plastered all over someone’s blog. I’m not sure about those that are covered in ivy and long -neglected, but there you go.

The Dog Patrol man grinned.

‘Great!’ he said, ‘So, can I ask you what camera you recommend, because I want to take some photos of the wildlife meself’.

And so we had a long discussion on the merits of Canon vs Nikon, and the Dog Patrol man told me of some very unusual occasional visitors to the cemetery, which I hope to be able to share with you as soon as they cooperate. He also told me about some of the places where the foxes ‘hang out’, so I may be able to spot ‘my’ fox at some point in the future.

However, it is not all good news in East Finchley. I got a message from one of the Friends of Coldfall Wood that something was amiss with the stream. I grabbed my camera and headed down, to find that the water of the stream was an unpleasant blue-green colour, something that reminded me of my experiments with copper sulphate when I was doing my chemistry O-level many decades ago.

IMG_5696IMG_5685IMG_5702The local council has been informed, but at the moment we have no way of knowing what is causing the discoloration. . Much of the water coming into the stream runs off from the roads in the area, and it collects pollutants from many different places, which is one reason why a reed-bed was planted – the species used, Phragmites australis, helps to filter out unwanted nutrients and chemicals in the water. Generally the water runs clear, so I hope we can get to the bottom of what’s happening.

It seems that I am having to learn many lessons about what I can and can’t control at the moment. Something is still murdering frogs in my garden, and yet, if I hadn’t built a pond, there wouldn’t be any frogs, or tadpoles, at all. The ‘wrong’ fox is eating at least some of my jam sandwiches. And now, someone has polluted the river in ‘my’ wood. I could spend my entire life in a state of high dudgeon and heightened blood pressure. But instead, I shall try to grow some more early-spring cover so it isn’t so easy for predators to pick off my frogs. I shall carry on with the jam sandwiches, but try to find out if there’s a more intelligent way to distribute them. And I shall work with my pals at Friends of Coldfall Wood to see what we can do about the pollution issue.

And in the meantime, I shall keep my eyes open for the moments of beauty that are all around me, every day, if I only pay attention.

Dusky the Cemetery Cat

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Dusky the Cemetery Cat

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A crow outside my office window

A crow outside my office window

Blackthorn on Hampstead Heath today

Blackthorn on Hampstead Heath today

A tufted duck

A tufted duck

Chaffinch

Chaffinch

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All Change in Bugwoman’s Garden

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The whitebeam tree, pre-trim. The squirrel drey in the top right was uninhabited.

Dear Readers, every five years I have some work done in the garden that fills me with trepidation. My whitebeam and hawthorn trees are very beautiful, but are also a bit big for a smallish suburban garden, and so I ask the tree surgeons to come in and give them a good trim. I know it sounds strange, but I feel guilty about it every time, and always apologise to the trees in advance, and try to explain what’s going to happen. I know that both trees will take a while to recover, and that the birds will be confused about where their favourite perching places have gone. But, nonetheless, if I want to preserve good neighbourly relationships, and also to get maximum light to the (north-facing) garden, it has to be done, and early in the year before anything has really started to grow.

So, the tree surgeon Michael, and his sidekick Scott, arrived, and Michael spent the next six hours in the whitebeam. In the pouring rain. He is something of an artist, taking a drawing of the tree before he starts, and preserving its character and shape as he goes (something that some of the guys employed by the council could do well to learn, though I have no doubt that those poor souls are up against a ferocious timetable). And this is the result.

IMG_5669Not pretty at the moment, I know, but all the fundamental features of the tree are still there. And he’s even left me some branches to hang the bird feeders on, which is very important. The chaffinches and collared doves and robins were very upset at their absence, but I think they’re happy again now.

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The robin has just learned how to use the bird feeder!

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Male Chaffinch

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Dunnock

By the time Michael went home, he was absolutely dripping wet. I do hope he doesn’t come down with some evil disease as a result.

And in the evening, an annual event occurred. As the drizzle continued, a little army of heads popped up in the pond. It was as if they’d been waiting for the temperature to go up a few degrees.

There had been a few males around for several weeks, but no frogspawn. And yet, when I got up, all this had been laid in one night.

IMG_5650The frogs seem to like the shallow end of the pond, and once one female has laid her eggs, everyone else tries to lay theirs on top. At first, each egg seems pumped full of fluid, fit to burst, but over time the eggs seem to lose their rigidity and become softer, eventually releasing the tadpoles into the pond.

IMG_5656I had never noticed frogs’ eyes before. I love the almond shape and the golden iris.

IMG_5664IMG_5665There is something so benign about that gaze, so utterly harmless.

IMG_5663And yet, something has killed one frog per night ever since they started to breed. I find their little corpses, hands together as if in prayer, their white bellies exposed. They seem to have one tiny bite behind the head. Usually, they aren’t eaten, but today I found one that had been partly dismembered. It could be a cat, a fox, or even a crow (though I suspect that they scavenge the dead ones rather than hunt the live ones). But still, there are probably a hundred frogs in the pond at the height of the season, all so intent on breeding that everything else is an afterthought. No wonder their croaking and squirming and skirmishing attracts the attention of predators. It would be strange if it didn’t.

And, while this is not a cat blog, or a dog blog, I do have to share two photos with you this week. One is of my cat, Willow, who is under the impression that she is a panther.

IMG_5643And the other is of a dog that I met in Coldfall Wood. This little one might be a ‘toy dog’ but he has the heart and spirit of a Newfoundland. I salute you, sir! He was undaunted by the sudden increase in depth and volume of the Everglades pond, and was determined to go swimming. His owner told me that he often tries to stalk the ducks, who can see him coming a mile off and fly just when he comes within sniffing distance. I only hope that his owner had a fine collection of towels. This was one very wet dog.

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Jam Sandwiches in the Rain

IMG_5567Dear Readers, when I was in St Pancras and Islington Cemetery last week, I noticed a fox resting on a mossy mound in the late winter sunshine. The foxes here are truly wild creatures, apt to melt away into the undergrowth as soon as they see a human, so I was surprised to see this one in daylight.

IMG_5569I am always delighted by the appearance of a fox, whether he is trotting up the street after opening all the food-waste bins ( a recently acquired skill) or here in the cemetery. But it wasn’t until I got home and looked closely at my photographs that I realised that this particular fox has a problem.

IMG_5571A quick glance at the fox’s rear-end shows that he has a horrible case of sarcoptic mange. This is not unusual in town foxes, and some veterinarians believe that it might be so prevalent because of the stress and poor nutrition that urban animals are prone to. Believe it or not, according to the fox charities that I contacted (details below) this is a relatively mild case. Left untreated, however, it is likely to get worse.

IMG_5570Sarcoptic mange (also known as scabies) is caused by a microscopic mite, which burrows into the skin, causing hair-loss and irritation. The biting and scratching at the affected area can give rise to skin infection and also encourages the mites to spread, which can ultimately be fatal. Foxes can tear themselves apart trying to deal with the intense itching, to the extent that they no longer eat or drink. This is an infernal parasite, and one which is all too common.

If this was a fox that visited my garden, it might be worth working with one of the fox charities to see if it could be trapped and treated with the pharmaceuticals that are normally used – Stronghold to kill the mites, and a wide-spectrum antibiotic to sort out the infection. But there is no way that anyone will set a trap on public land, when anything from the wrong fox to a cat to somebody’s pet dog could be caught. Nor could the drugs just be left around for the fox to find, as they are dangerous to nursing and pregnant animals, and can even be poisonous.

Which brings me to homeopathy.

IMG_5568I will admit to being a homeopathy skeptic. I believe in the efficacy of herbal treatments, acupuncture, and many other ‘alternative’ therapies, but I find it difficult to believe that a solution so dilute that the active ingredient may be only a few molecules can be helpful. But be that as it may, I know that, used with foxes, a homeopathic remedy ( Arsenicum album and sulphur 30c) has proved to be extremely efficacious in treating mange. It isn’t clear why, but there is a theory that it supports the immune system of the fox, enabling the animal to resist the worst effects of the infection. It is completely harmless to other animals, and can be used without concern even amongst pregnant or lactating animals.

And so, for the past few days, I have been trudging down to the cemetery and depositing a jam sandwich, cut into 15 tiny pieces and containing exactly four drops of the homeopathic remedy, on the mossy knoll where I last saw the fox. And some days, it’s been a bit of a wild and windy walk, with a huge hail storm on Wednesday, and a relentless drizzle on Thursday. But there are compensations.

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IMG_5597When faced by all the human and animal tragedy in the world, I feel overwhelmed. I have no idea where to start. There is misery at home and abroad, and everything cries out for help. In the midst of all this, I feel helpless, useless. But this is one tiny thing that I can do. Will it work? Who can say. I do know that every last scrap of the sandwich is eaten, though whether by ‘my’ fox or some other creature I don’t know.

I feel that there is something  worthwhile just in the act of witnessing, of noticing that a fellow creature is suffering, of trying to help. Compassion is a muscle that has to be exercised, and I know, for myself, how easy it is for it to atrophy. I often feel so loaded down with my own worries that I’m reluctant to take on even the smallest element of somebody else’s troubles. And yet, when I’ve finished this piece, I’ll put on my trainers and stride out, through the mud in Coldfall Wood and onwards, a jam sandwich in my pocket, knowing full well that I’m probably on a fool’s errand, but heading off just the same. This fox has crept in under my defences and looks at me with his amber eyes, challenging me not to look away.

IMG_5570 (2)Fox Charities

The Fox Project is based in Kent, and works in southern England, but will give advice if you contact them wherever you are based.

The National Fox Welfare Society is a great source of help and information, and also sends out free homeopathic treatment for mange (though I recommend providing a donation if you can afford it)

This is not a cat blog, but…..

IMG_1743Dear Readers, last week Mr Baldwin Hamey (who has a wonderful blog called London Details) commented that he was unable to have a Christmas tree because his cat would knock off all the baubles with great glee. Easy peasy! Restrain yourself from adding baubles, and you can have a cat tree instead. Though, in retrospect I might not have included fairy lights in case of feline strangulation.

This week has been a difficult one for me personally – my 80 year old parents came to visit me for the Christmas festivities, but last Sunday my mum was admitted to Whittington Hospital in north London with a horrible chest infection, and as at today she is still there. So, in between the visits, I have been applying myself to noticing which plants are in flower at the moment. The mild winter has convinced all kinds of flora that it’s time to buck up and get blooming, even though there are few insects around to pollinate them. All the photographs below have been taken in the past week. If I have written about the plant there will be a link below the photo – click to find out more about the plant.

California Lilac (Ceanothus sp) - usually in flower late spring to early summer

California Lilac (Ceanothus sp) – usually in flower late spring to early summer

Cowslip (Primula veris) - flowers early spring

Cowslip (Primula veris) – flowers early spring

Periwinkle (Vinca sp) - flowers April to September

Periwinkle (Vinca sp) – flowers April to September

Feverfew (flowers July to September)

Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) (flowers July to September)

If anyone doubts that something is going on with our climate, I would have thought that looking at these plants, and at their usual flowering dates, would give them pause. The time is out of joint, and these small blooms, produced so far out of their usual season,  savour to me of the apocalyptic. Our relationship with nature has become unhinged. In my mother’s ward (as in every other hospital that I’ve visited recently), plants and flowers are banned because they are considered unhygienic. At the same time, my mum is battling a superbug, probably acquired in hospital (not the one she’s currently in). We have to work with nature, not try to exclude her altogether, because, like it or not, we are animals too, and apparently not very clever ones at that.

Rant over. And to confuse the issue of whether this is, or is not, a cat blog, here is another picture of my cat Willow, taken this week. She, at least, is unworried by human illness and human folly and shortsightedness. All she needs is a warm place to cuddle up, a plate of food and someone to pay attention to her. Which, thinking about it, is all most of us want.

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Dreys and Jays

 

IMG_4975Dear Readers, I woke up on Friday feeling overwhelmed , both by all the preparations for Christmas and by an unexplained pain in my ankle, which has made walking, my usual stress-alleviation technique, difficult. But nonetheless I decided to take a gentle meander into Cherry Tree Wood for the first time in a few months. The place is looking a little unkempt at the moment, as many parks do in winter. The pavilion, which was going to be turned into a café but where the project now seems to be on hold, is literally falling down. There are empty beer cans by some of the benches. But the oak trees and hornbeams are still full of copper-coloured leaves, and there are squirrels everywhere. The search for nuts is on everyone’s mind. Squirrels sit comfortably among the tree roots, turning the acorns with their little hands and nibbling away. In the trees, two squirrels are growling at one another, tails thrashing. A toddler in a little padded suit staggers, arms outstretched, towards one squirrel, who looks at him warily, and bounds away when the child is within touching distance. The squirrels at the entrance to the park are particularly bold, and I suspect that packets of peanuts have been involved in previous encounters.

IMG_4992As I walk further into the forest, I find another, smaller squirrel in the top branches of a hornbeam. He seems to be stalking a blue tit. I find this very interesting, not least because I’m fairly sure that the blue tit is aware of the squirrel and seems unperturbed. I know that squirrels will occasionally take birds’ eggs and fledglings, but I’ve never seen one trying his luck with an adult before. And yet, here we are. The blue tit lets the squirrel get within a bound, and then flies off. I wonder if the squirrel ever gets lucky? All that protein would be a fine meal for a small rodent.

The blue tit is interested in other things, however. At the top of the tree is a drey, a squirrel nest, and the blue tit is pecking through it, probably for the insects and parasites that shelter there. The little bird is tossing the leaves aside and doing a fine job of gradually dismantling the squirrel’s shelter from the bottom up.

If you squint, you can just about make out the blue tit - he's left of centre. Look for the yellow bit.

If you squint, you can just about make out the blue tit – he’s left of centre. Look for the yellow bit.

A swoop of round wings, a flash of black and white and pink, and a jay arrives. It too is after the acorns. A squirrel complains when the jay starts to root around at the base of an oak tree, and I suspect that it has buried some of its winter stash there. All the grumbling in the world won’t deter a jay, however, and it carries on picking out the nuts and carrying them away, to bury them somewhere else. No wonder, in the spring, that there are little oak trees popping up all over the place. The scene is the same in my garden, where the jays, having been absent all summer, are now appearing as soon as I put out any peanuts. Do they have a sixth sense, I wonder, or am I under constant surveillance?

A jay in my garden last week

A jay in my garden last week

Intellectually I know that there are inter-dependencies in any plant and animal community, but there were links here that I had never thought of before. I did not know that squirrels ever hunted adult birds, or that jays stole the hidden acorns of the squirrels, or that blue tits dismantled squirrel dreys. Everyone is opportunistic, everyone is just trying to get by. And the shifting patterns of advantage and disadvantage are constantly being redressed by some living thing or another. Maybe the overall beneficiaries are the oak trees, as their seeds are carried away from the overwhelming shade of the adult tree and into better, lighter surroundings. Who knows? I do know that for forty minutes the pain in my ankle went completely unnoticed, and I walk off to catch a bus into town with a happy sense of well being and equanimity. We can only do what we can do to make a celebration a happy one, and we cannot control everything – there is too much complexity. Sometimes, we just have to trust in the providence that looks after squirrels, blue tits, jays and oak trees.

A New Squirrel

An autumn drey

An autumn drey

Dear Readers, one of the delights of autumn is that, once the leaves come off, I can see what’s been going on in the whitebeam tree in the garden. This year, what has been revealed are two and a half squirrel dreys, which are great balls of dead leaves, normally stuck into the V at the conjunction of two or more branches. They can be used as nests, for mothers with babies, or as overnight shelters. Those built by young squirrels are less secure than those built by experienced adults, and indeed one of the dreys in my garden is already disintegrating. However, the one in the picture is still very much inhabited.

As you know, I’ve been spending a lot of time away from my house during the past few months, so it was a real pleasure to be able to top up my own bird feeders on Friday. While I was in the shed, I heard the rustle of dead leaves and the skitter of nails on bark. I peered outside to see two young squirrels skidding down the tree trunk. They saw me, thumped onto the roof of the shed and bounced off into next door’s garden, leaving me stunned at their sheer turn of speed.

This morning, I saw a tabby cat, ears back and tail between its legs, galloping across the garden, hotly pursued by what looked like one of yesterday’s squirrels. A magpie was also put to flight unceremoniously. When all the predators were put to flight the squirrel retired to the tree, where s/he growled and flicked her tail for a few moments. And then, s/he settled down and started the job of clearing all of the nuts out of the new terracotta feeder that I bought a few weeks ago.

IMG_4856I don’t think I’ve ever seen a squirrel with such an extraordinarily long tail. It seems to stream behind like a pennant. And there is a lot of streaming to be done, because no sooner have the peanuts been raided than the squirrel heads off to bury them under the yew bush. Grey squirrels have been known to pretend to horde food if they think another squirrel is watching, going through all the motions of digging a hole but then retreating to actually cache the nuts elsewhere. This implies that squirrels have a ‘theory of mind’, – they can intuit what another animal is thinking. This is a great hurdle that scientists and philosophers expect animals to jump over before they can be admitted to the realm of animals worth paying attention to. As more and more animals are shown to have this attribute, no doubt we’ll soon have to find some other way of differentiating ourselves from the rest of the animal kingdom.

IMG_4868Grey squirrels will also ‘scatter-horde’ – this means that they will hide their food temporarily in a location close to the food source, and will later dig it up and bury it in another location. This enables them to take advantage of a sudden rich source of food (like a recently-filled terracotta bird-feeder for example) without having to waste time finding a hiding-place for it. Grey squirrels do not hibernate deeply, and so will emerge whenever they need food. It’s been shown that the squirrels have a very good spatial memory, which is just as well as they may make several thousand caches during each season. As some of these nuts and seeds will not be needed and will germinate, they also play a role in spreading plants from one location to another. They will also dig up bulbs (especially tulips) and plant them elsewhere, leading to some surprising emergences and absences during April and May.

IMG_4871I know that some people won’t share my view, but i rather like being visited by squirrels. Yes, they eat ridiculous quantities of expensive sunflower seeds, but I have found that they prefer the rather cheaper peanuts, and so they now have a supply of these all for themselves. Like all wild animals, they can be messy and anarchic by our standards, but then life is messy and anarchic and unpredictable, and we kid ourselves if we think we’re ever truly in control of anything.  When I watch their ceaseless vigilance and hectic activity, I’m reminded that for the squirrel the finding and caching of food is a life-or-death activity, but that my solving a database issue or sorting out my malfunctioning printer is not. Time spent in the company of plants and animals is truly balm for the over-heated brain.

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A Tale of Two Squirrels

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A Grey Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) munching on hawthorn in my London back garden

Dear Readers, I have always been fascinated by the diversity of individuals within a single species. To take one example: why do pigeons come in such a variety of colours? But something that I’ve never quite gotten to the bottom of is why the majority of Grey Squirrels in London, UK, look like the little chap in the photo above and yet Grey Squirrels in Toronto look, well, mostly like the animal below, when they both belong to the same species.

Torontonian Grey Squirrel

Torontonian Grey Squirrel (also Sciurus carolinensis)

Not all the Grey Squirrels in Toronto are black, but from my observations I’d say that they make up at least 80% of the population. In London I have yet to see a black squirrel, although I do know that a tiny population exists.  So why this difference between the two countries? To begin with, I had a little look at genetics. And to make things easier going forward, I’ll use ‘grey squirrel’ and ‘black squirrel’ to refer to the colour of animals of the same species, the Eastern Grey Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis).

Two grey-coloured squirrels cannot make a black squirrel – each animal has two copies of the ‘normal’ pigment gene. A squirrel with one copy of the ‘mutant’ black gene and one copy of the ‘normal’ grey gene will be a brown-black squirrel, like the rather handsome creature below.

Black-brown squirrel from Collingwood, Ontarioi

Black-brown squirrel from Collingwood, Ontario

A squirrel with two copies of the ‘mutant’ black gene will be jet-black.

IMG_4442These colourings should not be mistaken for physical features that result from something that happened to the animal. For example, the black squirrel below, seen when I was with my friend Michelle at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Burlington, is jet-black with a white spot on the tail, which may be the result of injury or of some kind of skin damage. Whatever the reason, it gives the squirrel a rather attractive Cruella de Ville look.

IMG_4437 (2)IMG_4438 (2)

So, the question remains: why are squirrels in the UK largely grey, and the squirrels in Ontario (and many other parts of North America) largely black? There are several theories.

One is that the black ‘mutant’ squirrels were actually the prevailing colour variation prior to the arrival of Europeans in the 16th Century. The animals’ darker colour may have helped to camouflage them in the densely canopied old-growth forests, but when these started to be cut down, the  advantage shifted towards the grey squirrels in many areas. The remnant black populations, such as those in Ontario, may have survived because more of the northern forests remain, but also because black colouration absorbs and retains more of the sun’s heat, meaning that the animals can be more active and find more food during the long, cold Canadian winters.

As you will remember from previous posts, the Eastern Grey Squirrel is an introduced species in the UK, and the vast majority of animals are of the ‘normal’ grey colouration. If we think back to our discussion about genetics earlier, it is likely that any black animals seen are descendants of imported captive animals, rather than the mutation occurring simultaneously in the population. However, having said this, there are now large populations of black squirrels in Stevenage, Letchworth and Hitchin, where they are said to make up fully 50% of the resident squirrels. One further theory concerns female sexual preference: given a choice between a grey male squirrel and one with black colouration, it may be that the females prefer the latter, which would result, over time, in an increase in black squirrels over grey-coloured ones. This is not as unlikely as it sounds – the peacock’s tail, the long neck of the Giraffe-necked Weevil and the extravagant dances of birds of paradise are an indication to the female that the male is healthy, and hearty, and free from parasites – only the most hale of individuals can sustain such extravagant accouterments. So, does the glossy coat of a black-coloured squirrel give a clearer indication to the female that her partner-to-be is in the first glow of health, and will she therefore prefer him, all other things being equal? It will be interesting to see how the squirrel population develops here in the UK. Maybe, one day, London’s squirrels will be as diverse as the humans who surround them.